Oct 11, 2025 · 2.Polybius, the three spies and the forgotten battle of Zama (March 2021). In this paper I discuss some plausible links in the historiography of the three spies` stories and attempt to identify …

Apr 3, 2022 · Polybius points this out when giving his final thoughts on the First Punic War (1.63-64): 'It had lasted without a break for twenty-four years and is the longest, most unintermittent, and greatest …

Mar 19, 2011 · Polybius mentions longchophoroi, spearmen who made up the greater number of Hannibal's light-armed troops, of which the Moors most likely made up part of its number. The …

Dec 9, 2013 · Is Polybius a primary source for Hannibal? This article argues NO on the basis that the date Polybius wrote is not contemporaneous with Hannibal's life, however on the basis that Polybius …

Feb 9, 2021 · Polybius doesn't assign a number to the formations of Velites and mentions 500 soldiers as being the strength of a Cohort without discussing whether or not he is including Officers or, …

Jun 20, 2025 · Polybius (10.37.4) states that prior to the battle Hasdrubal decided that if he defeated Scipio he would contemplate his next move, while if he lost he would gather as many survivors as he …

Jul 12, 2024 · Battle of Magnesia, Near Roman Disaster? I recently read an interesting article by historian Ilkka Syvänne on the Battle of Magnesia. Syvänne presents the battle as a "near disaster" …

May 21, 2013 · Towards the end of his life (around 160 BC), Laelius met with the Greek historian Polybius, and was responsible for providing much of the background and information that Polybius …

Oct 15, 2024 · Polybius’ account of a total of 12,000 prisoners may not be an exaggeration if those still loyal to Carthage in the town of and around Baecula are included; he does state specifically they …

Apr 8, 2017 · Polybius (III,33-38) describes the large forces Hannibal left in Spain, sent to defend North Africa, left with Hanno between the Ebro River and the Pyrenees; and says he crossed the Pyrenees …